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  • Chapter 8 Metabolism
    • 8-1 Introduction
    • 8-2 As are all things, microbes are subject to the laws of thermodynamics
    • 8-3 Free Energy (ΔG) is what cells are after
    • 8-4 Cells often perform useful work through oxidation-reduction reactions (redox reactions)
    • 8-5 Energy in the cell is carried by special molecules
    • 8-6 Enzymes are biological catalysts
    • 8-7 Enzymes are often organized in the cell into functional units
    • 8-8 Bacterial diversity is mainly manifested as catabolic diversity
    • 8-9 Fermentations in microbes share some common properties
    • 8-10 The Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway (EMP) is a very common glycolytic pathway
    • 8-11 For anaerobes, the EMP pathway results in an excess of NADH, which is dealt with by reducing pyruvate to fermentation end products.
    • 8-12 The Entner-Doudoroff pathway is a third common pathway for the catabolism of glucose
    • 8-13 Respiration involves donation of electrons to an inorganic terminal electron acceptor
    • 8-14 Catabolism of sugar (glucose) through respiration involves the tricarboxylic acid cycle
    • 8-15 Catabolism of fats (lipids) uses β-oxidation
    • 8-16 High-energy electrons are converted into ATP using a membrane
    • 8-17 Protons move across the membrane during ETS
    • 8-18 ATP synthesis involves protons moving through ATP synthase
    • 8-19 Many microbes are capable of anaerobic respiration
    • 8-20 Nitrate reduction can generate energy, but not as much as aerobic respiration
    • 8-21 Sulfate reduction is common in anaerobic environments
    • 8-22 Carbonate can also serve as a terminal electron acceptor
    • 8-23 Some microbes can grow completely on inorganic sources of carbon, energy and electrons
    • 8-24 Nitrifying bacteria are chemoautotrophic lithotrophs that use ammonia as a source of energy and electrons.
    • 8-25 Chapter Summary